| 1095 | First Crusade(1095 to 1099) | The First Crusade began when the Byzantine Emperor, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, requested the help of the Pope to reclaim territories in Asia Minor lost to Islamic conquerors. |
| 1095 | Council of Clermont | At the Council of Clermont, the Pope called upon the princes of Western Europe to reclaim Jerusalem. Crusaders were promised absolution of all sins. |
| 1096 | People's Crusade | While the Pope had called on the princes of Europe, the call was widely heard. In 1096, a large group of peasants attacked and killed many Jewish people living in the Rhineland of Germany. |
| 1096 | Princes' Crusade(1096 to 1099) | A group of 50,000 to 60,000 Europeans, including some 7,000 knights took the city of Jerusalem, establishing the Western-dominated Kingdom of Jerusalem. |
| October 20, 1097 | Siege of Antioch(October 20, 1097 to June 3, 1098) | As the Crusaders moved toward Jerusalem, they retook lands formerly belonging to the Christian Byzantine Empire. They worked, in this, as a mercenary army. The city of Antioch fell after a long siege. |
| 1099 | Capture of Jerusalem | Crusaders captured the city of Jerusalem in 1099. They massacred many of the residents, including Christians, and divided the city into four sectors. |
| 1147 | Second Crusade Called(1147 to 1148) | The Second Crusade was called to retake the city of Edessa. The Second Crusade accomplished nothing. |
| 1187 | Saladin Captured Jerusalem | In 1187, the Muslim warrior, Saladin, captured the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The entire army of the Kingdom of Jerusalem was lost in the battles for the city. |
| 1189 | Third Crusade(1189 to 1192) | The Third Crusade was called in an attempt to reclaim the city of Jerusalem. |
| 1191 | Richard the Lionhearted Led Third Crusade(1191 to 1192) | Under the control of Richard the Lionhearted, European Christian forces regained control of a small amount of land in modern-day Israel, and Christians were allowed to visit the city of Jerusalem. |
| 1203 | Fourth Crusade(1203 to 1204) | The crusaders of the Fourth Crusade were called to again reclaim Jerusalem. They became involved in politics, eventually sacking Constantinople and establishing the Latin Kingdom of Constantinople. |
| 1218 | Fifth Crusade(1218 to 1221) | The Fifth Crusade was directed against Egypt, rather than Jerusalem. It was a costly failure. |
| 1244 | Jerusalem Lost | Access to Jerusalem was lost for good in 1244; the city remained under Islamic control until 1917. |
